MCAI PHYSIOLOGY CRQ NOV 2021
1.
a) Outline production and circulation of CSF. How Increased ICP affect production and absorption. (5m)
b) Difference between biochemistry of CSF and plasma. (4m)
c) What is ICP? What is the normal range? (2m)
d) Describe Monro-Kellie doctrine. (3m)
e) 4 physiological or anaesthetic factors causing increased CBF. (4m)
f) Define cushing reflex. (3m)
2.
a) Define dead space. (2m)
b) Classify and define 3 types of dead space. (6m)
c) 4 factors that increase anatomical dead space. (4m)
d) What is FRC? (1m)
e) FRC is of PHYSIOLOGICAL importance. why? Give 2 reasons. (4m)
f) What causes increase in FRC? 2 causes (0.5m each) and explain each (1m each)
3.
a) Describe structure of normal adult hemoglobin HbA1. (4m)
b) 3 functions of hemoglobin. (4m)
c) What is anemic hypoxia? 1m What is the effect on ODC? (4m)
d) What is 23 DPG and role in anemia. (3m)
e) Relation between cao2 and do2. (1m)
f) As an anesthetist, how you increase ca02? (3m)
4.
a) Describe in detail Left coronary circulation: origin and route. Branches and supply. (5m)
b) Describe in detail Right coronary circulation: origin and route. Branches and supply (5m)
c) What is left coronary dominance? (2m)
Picture of Cardiac cycle
d) Label ABCD (valve opening and closing) (2m)
e) What is 2 (c wave) and why it happen. (2m)
f) Label 1 3 4 5 (wave on right atrium pressure) (2m)
g) Define isovolumetric contraction. (2m)
5.
a) SI unit for temp. (1m)
b) Describe how you get this SI unit. (3m)
c) Boiling point of water in this unit. (1m)
d) Non electrical method to measure temp. (2m)
e) What is the principle of this? (picture of infrared tympanic thermometer). (3m)
f) Principle of thermocouple. (3m)
g) 2 advantages of thermocouple. (2m)
h) Describe heat loss in OT. (5m)
6.
a) What is pulse oximetry. (1m)
b) 2 reading on pulse oximetry. (1m)
c) what is the law used and describe. (5m)
Picture of wavelength absorbance.
d) What is A and B and their value. (isosbestic point) (3m)
e) The importance of this point. (2m)
f) What is C and D (640 n 990) 2m and describe absorbance of Hbo2 and Hb at this point. (4m)
g) What is E and F (oxy and reduced hb). (2m)